The correct answer is A. :)
Answer: What does it mean when Britain declares the right "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER"? ... The colonists will be captured and brought back to Britain. The British government has complete control over the colonists
A dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb, but doesn't make much sense on its own. A lot of times, especially in a sentence with a comma, you can split the sentence and see if it makes any sense.
6. "Before we hiked"
7. "When we go on nature field trips."
8. "Since John was an expert of volcanoes"
9. "If you want to see something closer."
10. "After a volcano erupts"
None of those answers make sense as independent sentences, which is how you can tell they're dependent clauses; they depend on the other part of the sentence.
Laurie was misbehaving at home. Jackson learned that there was in fact no Charles and that Laurie had been the one pulling the pranks that he blamed on "Charles"