Answer:
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet (Turkish: [millet]) was an independent court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim Sharia, Christian Canon law, or Jewish Halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
Despite frequently being referred to as a "system", before the nineteenth century the organization of what are now retrospectively called millets in the Ottoman Empire was not at all systematic. Rather, non-Muslims were simply given a significant degree of autonomy within their own community, without an overarching structure for the 'millet' as a whole. The notion of distinct millets corresponding to different religious communities within the empire would not emerge until the eighteenth century.[1] Subsequently, the existence of the millet system was justified through numerous foundation myths linking it back to the time of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1451–81),[2] although it is now understood that no such system existed in the fifteenth century.[3]
During the 19th century rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, as result of the Tanzimat reforms (1839–76), the term was used for legally protected ethno-linguistic minority groups, similar to the way other countries use the word nation. The word millet comes from the Arabic word millah (ملة) and literally means "nation".[3] The millet system has been called an example of pre-modern religious pluralism.[4]
Johann Strauss, author of "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages", wrote that the term "seems to be so essential for the understanding of the Ottoman system and especially the status of non-Muslims".
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Answer:
The United States desired the West because the West coast would open up the United States to Asian markets. Eastern ports connected the U.S with Europe. The West meant we could expand our trading power globally.
The population was rapidly growing in the East, Americans were running out of room, they had to move West.
Economic hardships (panics and depressions) in the East pushed Americans to the West.
The West had abundant, inexpensive, and often free, land. This not only attracted eastern Americans, but poor, landless Europeans as well.
The British had their eyes on the West as well. Prior to the Annexation of Texas, Britain had established a friendly relationship with the Republic of Texas. They were interested in trading with Texas and keeping the U.S from expanding West. In order to limit British influence in America, the United States decided to Annex Texas in 1845.
Answer:
Industrial Revolution
Explanation:
The cottage industry term used to describe the manufacturing of goods at home in small scale. The era of the cottage industry existed before the coming of the Industrialization. Artisans produced wool, sewing cloth, and lace-making in their homes from the raw materials which they received from merchants for markets. The method of manufacturing materials was slow because it created by hand. Workers struggle to keep pace with the growing demand.
War of the Austrian Succession. the war (1740–48) in which Austria, England, and the Netherlands contradicted Prussia, France, and Spain over the choice of rulers for regions inside the Austrian Empire.
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