It challenged the theory that all migration to the Americas occurred over Beringia.
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It is difficult to imagine what life was like before human language. There are between five and six thousand languages in the world today, grouped into fewer than 20 language families. Languages are linked to each other by shared words, sounds, or grammatical constructions. There are two main branches of human language: Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic, each containing various language families. One theory states that the members of each of these linguistic groups descended from one "proto-language," a common ancestor. Experts believe these proto-languages may have been spoken as recently as a few thousand years ago. The majority of linguists believe the first "mother" language originated somewhere in Eurasia, although this is not known for certain.
Ancient Greek mythology taught that language was not a human invention at all, but a gift from the gods. According to modern philosophers and linguists, language likely began with the use of various imitative sounds that humans made to mimic the sounds of the world around them and express emotion. As this form of communication progressed, humans began connecting specific sounds to specific things and actions. This suggests that humans began to think in the abstract.
The ability to use words to symbolize abstract ideas is key to human adaptability and development of culture. Many linguists believe language developed in two phases. The first phase was through the use of verbal or gestural signs. Early humans probably used a form of signing much simpler than sign languages today to communicate. The second phase of language development employed formal syntax. Syntax refers to the patterns that govern the way words are combined to form phrases, and how phrases are then combined to form sentences. Being able to compose complete sentences improved precision and clarity in thought and communication for early humans. Some anthropologists believe that humans are born with a general language instinct. This neutral processing network contains a universal grammar for learning the meaning of words and speaking a language. This instinct gives human babies the ability to learn any language when they are born.
President Carter brokered a historic peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, ending thirty years of hostilities. President Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel signed the final peace treaty in March 1979.
Without the support of federal troops, segregation in the South lasted from the time of Reconstruction until 1964 and Civil rights Act, there was racial segregation in many counties in southern states till that year.
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There is a lot of debate about how much war and medicine have influenced each other. Sometimes war adds to medical knowledge by drawing attention to a particular injury, such as the loss of a limb. Military medicine has also influenced how medicine is done. But sometimes innovations in military medicine result in better ways to treat an injury or advance fields of medicine, such as plastic surgery, psychiatry and emergency medicine. Triage, the system of prioritising multiple casualties, has been adopted for all emergency medicine ever since the First World War.
For some people, the physical and mental damage caused by war lasts a lifetime. Medical teams have had to develop methods to help them adjust to living with disability and illness. The young men who signed up to fight in 1914 had little preparation or support for dealing with the stress and trauma of modern warfare. Some refused to fight and were mistakenly accused of cowardice. During the First World War, 309 British soldiers were executed, many of whom are now believed to have had mental health conditions at the time.
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