When forests have been cut down, new native trees can be planted
Answer:
a. Type O blood - No A or B antigens on RBCs-Anti-A antibodies in plasma-Anti-B antibodies in plasma
b. Type A blood - A antigen on RBCs- Anti-B antibodies in plasma
c. Type B blood - B antigen on RBCs- Anti-A antibodies in plasma
d. Type AB blood - A antigen on RBCs- B antigen on RBCs- Neither anti-A or anti-B in plasma
Explanation:
ABO blood grouping system represents multiple allelism which was discovered in humans by Karl Landsteiner. The blood group is determined by the presence or absence of A & B antigens and antibodies.
The 4 blood groups which exist in ABO system are O, A, B and AB. Also, allele A and B are co-dominant i.e. if they both will exist on the surface of an RBC then both will be equally expressed which implies that there will be no dominant or recessive allele.
Type O blood group has H antigen on the surface of RBC and has both the antibodies i.e. antibody A and B. The absence of antigens A and B makes it a universal donor.
Type A blood group has A antigen on RBC and has antibody B in the plasma.
Type B blood group has B antigen on RBC and has antibody A in the plasma.
Type AB blood group has both the antigens i.e. antigen A and B on RBC and does not have any antibody in the plasma which makes it a universal acceptor.
Answer:
Option-D
Explanation:
Casparian strips are the strips or band composed of a hydrophobic substance called the suberin which forms the ring-like structure in the endodermis of the vascular plants.
The Casparian strips are present around the vascular bundles in the endodermis to allow the uptake of the selective nutrients as the substance has to pass through the cell membrane before it enters the centre of the root or stele or vascular bundles.
The Casparian strips allow the movement of a substance through symplast mode only, therefore, is ensures the substance to pass through the cell membrane.
Thus, Option-D is correct.
Explanation: Water baths reach a maximum boiling point of 100°C (212°F). Autoclaves ideally operate at higher temperatures of 120°C (284°F) and can go as high as 133°C (273 °F) Boiling in a water bath can take an hour or longer for effective sterilization to be achieved.
