All the wars in his old country
Gorbachev pursued glasnost and perestroika reforms because the Soviet economy could not keep up with the arms race. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option. The war of Afghanistan was proving a bit heavy on the Soviet economy. To stabilize the economy, Gorbachev pursued such policies.
A. Social Darwinism
A quote I found sums this question up, but it'd be better to do some side research.
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"<span>the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform."</span>
Answer:
while the men were at war, women and people of color took over the "manly" jobs. the government saw that the women were capable of doing hard work and not just being teachers/stay at home moms. the women and minorities started getting a bit of recognition. definitely not as much recognition they deserved, and they still weren't treated well, but they were still able to be nurses, pilots, etc and work in factories/the labor field.
