Explanation: Fireflies produce a chemical reaction inside their bodies that allows them to light up. This type of light production is called bioluminescence. The method by which fireflies produce light is perhaps the best known example of bioluminescence. When oxygen combines with calcium, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the chemical luciferin in the presence of luciferase, a bioluminescent enzyme, light is produced. Unlike a light bulb, which produces a lot of heat in addition to light, a firefly's light is "cold light" without a lot of energy being lost as heat. This is necessary because if a firefly's light-producing organ got as hot as a light bulb, the firefly would not survive the experience.
A firefly controls the beginning and end of the chemical reaction, and thus the start and stop of its light emission, by adding oxygen to the other chemicals needed to produce light. This happens in the insect's light organ. When oxygen is available, the light organ lights up, and when it is not available, the light goes out. Insects do not have lungs, but instead transport oxygen from outside the body to the interior cells within through a complex series of successively smaller tubes known as tracheoles. For a long time it was a mystery as to how some firefly species manage such a high flash rate, considering the relatively slow speed of the muscles that control oxygen transport. Researchers fairly recently learned that nitric oxide gas (the same gas that is produced by taking the d rug Viagra) plays a critical role in firefly flash control. In short, when the firefly light is ¿off," no nitric oxide is being produced. In this situation, oxygen that enters the light organ is bound to the surface of the cell's energy-producing organelles, called the Mitrochondria, and is thereby not available for transport further within the light organ. The presence of nitric oxide, which binds to the mitochondria, allows oxygen to flow into the light organ where it combines with the other chemicals needed to produce the bioluminescent reaction. Because nitric oxide breaks down very quickly, as soon as the chemical is no longer being produced, the oxygen molecules are again trapped by the mitochondria and are not available for the production of light.
Fireflies appear to light up for a variety of reasons. The larvae produce short glows and are primarily active at night, even though many species are subterranean or semi-aquatic. Fireflies produce defensive steroids in their bodies that make them unpalatable to predators. Larvae use their glows as warning displays to communicate their distastefulness. As adults, many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species as well as to discriminate between members of the opposite s e x. Several studies have shown that female fireflies choose mates depending upon specific male flash pattern characteristics. Higher male flash rates, as well as increased flash intensity, have been shown to be more attractive to females in two different firefly species.
Answer:
the answer is simple ,is B ,Like negative
The dependent variable is what changes because of the independent variable, while the independent variable is what is purposefully changed by the experimenter, since it is the variable that is being tested.
So, in this problem, you are purposefully changing the distance of the race to see whether or not the amount of time taken to complete the race will change because of the varying distances.
This means that purposefully changing the distance of the race is the independent variable that is being tested and that the amount of time that the runner takes to complete the race is the dependent variable because it changes due to the independent variable.
Sorry for being so wordy.
In short,
Independent variable- the one that's being tested and that is purposefully changed.
Dependent variable- the one that changes because of the independent variable.
Hope this helps.
Yes, Avery, Mc Leod and Mc Carty do thought that genes may be involved in the transformation of non virulent rough Strains of <em>Diplococcus pneumoniae</em> to harmful smooth strained bacteria
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Avery was a Canadian medical researcher who along with other two well known scientists of the contemporary time went for an experiment where he took two strains of bacteria Diplococcus pneumoniae - one is rough and nonvirulent and another is smooth and virulent. For a control run, he injected both the bacteria in separate mice and the expected result was there. Now as he injected heat killed smooth bacteria, the mice survived. But as he injected heat killed smooth bacteria with rough bacteria, although there was no organism which can kill the mice the mice died. And autopsy revealed the presence of live smooth bacteria in the lungs.
Thus they suspected something have gone from the dead smooth bacteria into the non virulent rough bacteria which lead to transformation of the rough bacteria to smooth ones. Thus, the experiment was carried on, which suspected role of genes in this transformation.
