In general a description of the required inputs and outputs is established then encoded with the minimum variety necessary. The mapping of input bits to output bits can then produce an estimate of the minimum hardware or software components necessary to produce the desired control behaviour; for example, in a piece of computer software or computer hardware.
The cybernetician Frank George discussed the variety of teams competing in games like football or rugby to produce goals or tries. A winning chess player might be said to have more variety than his losing opponent. Here a simple ordering is implied. The attenuation and amplification of variety were major themes in Stafford Beer's work in management [5] (the profession of control, as he called it). The number of staff needed to answer telephones, control crowds or tend to patients are clear examples.
The application of natural and analogue signals to variety analysis require an estimate of Ashby's "powers of discrimination" (see above quote). Given the butterfly effect of dynamical systems care must be taken before quantitative measures can be produced. Small quantities, which might be overlooked, can have big effects. In his Designing Freedom Stafford Beer discusses the patient in a hospital with a temperature denoting fever.[8] Action must be taken immediately to isolate the patient. Here no amount of variety recording the patients' average temperature would detect this small signal which might have a big effect. Monitoring is required on individuals thus amplifying variety (see Algedonic alerts in the viable system model or VSM). Beer's work in management cybernetics and VSM is largely based on variety engineering.
Further applications involving Ashby's view of state counting include the analysis of digital bandwidth requirements, redundancy and software bloat, the bit representation of data types and indexes, analogue to digital conversion, the bounds on finite state machines and data compression. See also, e.g., Excited state, State (computer science), State pattern, State (controls) and Cellular automaton. Requisite Variety can be seen in Chaitin's Algorithmic information theory where a longer, higher variety program or finite state machine produces incompressible output with more variety or information content.
In 2009[9] James Lovelock suggested burning and burying carbonized agricultural waste to sequester carbon. A variety calculation requires estimates of global annual agricultural waste production, burial and pyrolysis efficiency to estimate the mass of carbon thus sequestered from the atmosphere.
Answer:
El vapeo encharca los pulmones
Por lo que personas sensibles, como los asmáticos, podrían empeorar su situación y tener una crisis. Por otro lado, se puede tener un problema cardiovascular por inhalación masiva de nicotina y se puede producir un edema pulmonar cardiogénico (Epnc)
Explanation:
Francois Emanuel Fodere wrote the treatise titled a treatise on Forensic Medicine and Public Health.
Francoise was from France. He was a French forensic physician. He made ground breaking achievements in the use of science to enforce criminal and civil laws.
This treatise was written in the year 1789. It was the first of it's kind. It has helped to make discoveries on the cause of death and manner in which a person died
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He said that the story of an old one he objective
<u>Answer</u>: Jaywalking, Failure to use a Turn Signal, Illegal U-Turn
<u>Explanation</u>:
<em>Jaywalking </em>as we know consists of you cutting across the street where there is no crosswalk. I think its not immoral or unethical to jaywalk as log as you are paying attention and careful in where you are crossing.
<em>Failure to use a Turn Signal</em> as we know consists of you not using your Left or Right signal while turning. I think its neither because some people do in-fact forget to use their signals while driving, we also know some people dont keep their signals on even while they are in the turning lane. It can however be a safety issue is the driver and the drivers behind are not paying attention to their surroundings. So, if they are careful, it shouldnt be a problem, but here we are and it is.
<em>Illegal U-Turn</em> as we also know consist of you doing a UTurn at a stop sign, a light, or somewhere in the road where it states "NO U TURNS", but I think its neither also because some people have to do U Turns in cases such as emergencies, you forgot something at home and need to get back to it quickly, etc. It can be a safety issue if the driver and surrounding drivers arent paying attention.
