The federalist papers make the case for a federal system in the U.S. This would create a strong central government that is checked by state and local governments. The main idea is that people are inherently fractious and no ones faction should gain complete power.
Also, by allowing different layers of government, people are both involved and also there is a balance of power.
Opposed to the federalism, where people who only wanted states to have power and really no central government. This was refuted by the federalist as causing weakness in countries especially in the foreign affairs.
Yes, the Reformation occurred during the same time period as the Renaissance.
They pushed for a war against Britain to restore national honor. They insisted that invading British-held Canada would deprive the Native Americans of their main source of arms and drive the British out of Native Americans. They also believed that the British would make naval acknowledgement to get Canada back from the Americans.
A state has self-government, or is part of a larger self-governing whole (like a Federal government).
A colony is ruled by an outside power, and does not have the power to make its own laws.