The atomic bomb, more specifically: the discovery of atomic fission.
Answer: Nationalism, military technique, new methods of warfare are just some of the elements that contributed to Germany's initial success.
Explanation:
The quality of the German army for World War II is unquestionable. At that moment, Germany had the best military in the world. This efficiency was not only reflected in the quality of the weapons that equipped the Wehrmacht, which was beyond question but also in the militaristic tradition deeply embedded in the German nation. A tradition that, even in peacetime, with the help of the far-sighted General Staff, had endured the restrictions imposed by the ceasefire agreement dated June 1919.
The appointment of Hitler as chancellor, who was enthusiastic and energetic, resulted in direct control of the German forces. The German government invested heavily in military technology, which is why they had supremacy over others. Probably the most deserving factor in Germany's initial military success is the Blitzkrieg. It is a technique of rapid warfare, infantry, and armored vehicle attacks. In such circumstances, the opponent does not have time to organize and establish a defense. This military doctrine is more responsible for the initial and rapid success of the German army. Nazi Germany led active propaganda, so it influenced its people to achieve its goals. The spread of nationalism among the German people created a militant mood among the German people.
Desire of the railroad companies to build rail lines on a deal of new land that open up to whether it was for the "free" or "slaves" .
For question 1, they wanted to expand trade routes and business, to let settlers find a passage to South America, and acquire raw materials for manufacturing. For question 2, it is Charter, Colony. I hope this helps! :)
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