Topiramate
Topiramate is the drug which might be responsible for this malformation.
Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug which is taken alone or with other drugs to prevent and control epilepsy. Topiramate is produced in four forms and are all taken by mouth. Topiramate has many side effects which include birth defects if is taken during pregnancy, osteoporosis, vision loss, nervousness and upper respiratory tract infection.
Answer:
While penetrance is a quantitative estimate, reduced expressivity (transmission) is a qualitative estimate.
Explanation:
<u>Penetration
</u>
Some individuals who carry the deleterious allele (for example, in an autosomal dominant disease) do not show the expected phenotype: in that case we say that the penetrance is incomplete. This is the case in which the number of individuals presenting an abnormal phenotype is less than the number of individuals carrying the mutation causing this phenotype. Penetrance is a quantitative estimate.
For example, in the case of neurofibromatosis type I, its penetration is estimated to be 80% although it is often difficult to detect mild variants of the disease. Therefore, in these cases it would be useful to be able to detect the different mutations in the affected families and thus establish more precisely the value of their penetrance.
<u>Expressiveness (transmission)</u>
The observed phenotype can be more or less severe among the different affected individuals. In this case it is said that the deleterious allele has a variable expressiveness. Expressiveness is a qualitative estimate.
In the case of Marfan syndrome, for the same mutation present in a family, some individuals show a severe form of the disease that affects the cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal system while others show only a high height and arachnodactyly, without eye problems or of aortic aneurysm.
Reduced penetrance and incomplete expressivity are mainly described in autosomal dominant diseases.
Do not confuse an isolated case due to poor penetrance with a sporadic case due to the appearance of a mutation.
Passive transport<span> is a kind of </span>transport<span> by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which </span>means<span> movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Examples of passive </span>transport<span>include diffusion, filtration, and osmosis.</span>
Answer: The first and the fourth figure is showing the two stages of metamorphosis in beetle. The first figure represents the adult stage of beetle and the last figure represents the larvae stage of beetle. Metamorphosis is the biological process by which an organism goes through differentiation of cells. As a result of this differentiation the structure of the organism changes from one to another. There are four stages egg, larvae, pupa, adult.
The second figure shows regeneration in cnidaria. They repair their body and reproduce asexually by this process. They show two stages polyp and medusae. Medusae have less ability to regenerate but poly stage can regenerate from small parts. This ability helps corals to heal back after being destroyed by predators.
The third figure represents cow and this is an unique feature of mammals to produce milk by their mammary gland. During the lactation period the cow produces milk that is used by cattle and human beings.
Answer:
The correct answer is option - A. 0.
Explanation:
Producers are the organism that produces on their own. They do not depend on other organisms for their nutrition and energy such as green plants. They transfer energy and nutrition.
In the given scenario there is no producer present all are consumers of different levels. Cricket is a primary consumer, a spider is a secondary consumer and bird is the third consumer in this food chain.
Thus, the correct answer is option- A. 0.
