Answer: A. Vast, flat deserts made northward travel easier.
Explanation:
The putting out system was a precursor to the factories of the industrial revolution. It was an intermediate step that came between the system in which everything was made at home and the system in which everything was made in factories.
Hundreds of thousands died of disease. Roughly 2% of the population, an estimated 620,000 men, lost their lives in the line of duty. Taken as a percentage of today's population, the toll would have risen as high as 6 million souls. The human cost of the Civil War was beyond anybody's expectations.
Collective bargaining was used by unions to allow the union leaders to negotiate wages, labor contusions, etc with employers. The goal was to increase wages, better working conditions, etc.