Covalent bonds can be classified as nonpolar and polar covalent given the electronegativity difference between two atoms (ΔEN).
Nonpolar covalent bond electrons are shared equally between two atoms, polar covalent bond electrons are shared unequally, atoms have partial charges, ionic bond electrons are completely transferred to one atom, full charges present. Therefore, the greater the electronegativity difference, the greater the bond polarity. Let's determine the types of bonds present in the compounds and arrange the ones with polar covalent in order of increasing ΔEN. Phosphorus and fluorine are both nonmetals so the substance is covalent. Phosphorus has EN = 2.1 and fluorine has EN = 4.0. Given the large electronegativity difference, the P−F bonds in the substance can be classified as polar covalent bonds.
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If the heat given off in the dissolving reaction is less than the heat required to break apart the solid, the net dissolving reaction is endothermic. The addition of more heat facilitates the dissolving reaction by providing energy to break bonds in the solid. This is the most common situation where an increase in temperature produces an increase in solubility for solids.
The use of first-aid instant cold packs is an application of this solubility principle. A salt such as ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water after a sharp blow breaks the containers for each. The dissolving reaction is endothermic - requires heat. Therefore the heat is drawn from the surroundings, the pack feels cold.
The effect of temperature on solubility can be explained on the basis of Le Chatelier's Principle. Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress (for example, heat, pressure, concentration of one reactant) is applied to an equilibrium, the system will adjust, if possible, to minimize the effect of the stress. This principle is of value in predicting how much a system will respond to a change in external conditions. Consider the case where the solubility process is endothermic (heat added). An increase in temperature puts a stress on the equilibrium condition and causes it to shift to the right. The stress is relieved because the dissolving process consumes some of the heat. Therefore, the solubility (concentration) increases with an increase in temperature. If the process is exothermic (heat given off). A temperature rise will decrease the solubility by shifting the equilibrium to the left.
Answer:
Polycrystalline cells are less expensive to make than single-crystalline modules but are also slightly less efficient than the single-crystalline (12% -15%). Also, it has been found that amorphous silicon cells dominate in warm, sunny conditions due to their lower power-loss temperature coefficient [1]
Explanation:
Explanation:
Objects or substances with their density greater than that of water will sink in it whiles those less than water will float on it.
From the question the object has a density of 3.4 g/mL.
Since it's density is greater than that of water the object will sink.
Hope this helps you
I believe the answer would be B