Answer:
a. The Church established guidelines for educating priests.
c. The pope encouraged the faithful to become monks and nuns and devote their lives to caring for the sick and helping the poor.
Explanation:
It is called Catholic Reform or Counter-Reformation to the response of the Catholic Church to the Protestant reform of Martin Luther, which had weakened the Church. It covers from the Ecumenical Council of Trento in 1545 until the end of the Thirty Years' War, in 1648.
Its objectives were to renew the Church and prevent the advance of Protestant doctrines.
It focused mainly on five aspects:
-Doctrine.
-Ecclesiastical restructuring, with the<u> foundation of seminars.</u>
-<u>Reform of religious orders</u>, making them return to their traditional origins.
-Surveillance of spiritual movements, focusing on godly life and a personal relationship with a priest, and this, with Christ.
-Creation of the Roman Inquisition and its management.
The new religious orders constituted a fundamental part of the reform. Orders such as the Capuchins, Discalced Carmelites, Ursulines, Theatines, Paulists or Jesuits consolidated the rural parishes, helped to consolidate popular piety through the example and care of the poor and sick. Their dedication to the works of mercy exemplifies the Catholic reaffirmation of salvation through faith and works and denying the Lutheran idea of salvation only through faith. Not only did they make the Church more effective, but they reaffirmed the fundamental premises of the medieval Church.