Flashback.
Flashback is a literary tool used by authors in order to show readers something important that happened in the past of the character(s) life(ves).
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Mumtaz does several things in order to control Lakshmi.
Firstly she uses physical violence as she whips and hits Lakshmi when she does not obey her commands. So she physically abuses her in order to break her will. She also starves her constantly, when she is defiant. She also uses emotional torture as she says that Lakshmi has to work to pay off the debts for her family. So Lakshmi is scared that something will happen to her family.
Pathos is based on emotion. The only sentence that relies on that is “Don’t you want to have the hottest gizmos and gadgets like your friends?”