If we take the wolf as a species, then we can easily find its place and evolutionary path through this cladogram of chordates. The wolf is a vertebrate, so we start from vertebrae. It is an animal that has jaws and paired appendages. Continuing further up the cladogram we reach the development of lungs, and the wolfs have lungs for breathing. Then we come to the development of four limbs, and the wolfs have four limbs. Next comes the endothermy, meaning that the animal is able to regulate its own body temperature, thus it is warmblooded, and the wolfs are warmblooded animals. As last we come to the mammals, and the wolfs are part of the mammals, so we can classify them in that branch of the chordate cladogram.
Answer:
Apoptosis does not involve:
c. lysis of the cell
Explanation:
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that occurs under normal physiological conditions and in a controlled manner. Normally seen in cell turnover, embryogenesis, also involved in processes of immune, nervous and endocrine systems.
The main morphological and biochemical changes seen during the apoptosis are the fragmentation of DNA by endonucleases, nuclear, chromatin and cytoplasmatic condensation, apoptotic bodies formation (membrane bound-vesicles form of cell parts) and the phagocytosis (digestion) of those bodies by the scavenger cells.
Apoptosis is regulated by cell- signaling pathways, the caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are the ones involved in the process.
In the process there is no lysis of the cell as this could lead to a inflammatory response (just happens in necrosis) which would affect contiguous cells, and will involve immune cells. In apoptosis there is just a membrane blebbing, but it does not loss its integrity.
Persons with O blood have neither antigen a nor antigen b on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-a and antibody anti-b in their plasma.
ABO blood grouping was discovered by Austrian scientist Landsteiner. It consist of four blood groups- A, B, AB, & O.
Red blood cells have certain extension of the proteins that are called antigen. Two types of antigens are there antigen a & b. The RBCs which have a particular antigen will not have the antibody against the same.
Blood Group A has antigen A and antibody B. Blood group B has antigen B and antibody A. Blood group AB has both antigen and no antibodies while blood group O has no antigen and antibody A & B.
To learn more about red blood cells here
brainly.com/question/17890844
#SPJ4
The incorrect one is b. different enzymes has a different optimum temperature.
