The third one (I’m not sure if your question includes answers choices or not but if so , it is in fact (C)
the tone that the author use is serious yet funny :)))))
Answer:
Rivers and oceans are polluted by chemical waste
The answer is A Identifying with the opposing side
While you do want to challenge the opposing side you don’t want to completely disregard or ignore their information. You need to acknowledge it, disable it, and prove yours superior