Answer:
They created the Jim Crow Laws, which made African Americans unable to do certain things such as vote and hold office, and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) threatened African Americans in many ways, even going as far as to murder them.
Explanation:
The correct answer is James Madison. He was the fourth president of the USA and was technically a Federalist, even though he did not care much about parties and thought that they are bad for the system.
The most likely reason why <em>Frederick Douglass</em> said that black soldiers will <em>“wipe out the dark reproaches”</em> directed at blacks “by our enemies” was that the Civil Rights agitators such as Harriet Tubman, <em>Martin Luther King Jr</em> and many others would be successful in <em>ending slavery</em> and systematic racism.
It is important to note that your question did not include a prior passage or article but it is highly unlikely that he <em>literally meant </em>black soldiers as real soldiers, but that he meant the soldiers of Civil Rights agitations would successfully wipe away the reproach which the white man had put on them with racism and systematic segregation.
The "enemies" here refers to white men
<em>"Black soldiers"</em> meant Civil RIghts agitators
<em>"Dark reproaches" </em>here meant racial segregation.
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brainly.com/question/14697328
