The nomads caused invasions that weakened the Zhou dynasty, leading to a violent and tense relationship between the Chinese and nomads.
Invasions lead by the nomads and intrusion within a country would obviously lead to tense relationships if any at all, causing the Zhou dynasty to attempt to block and fight the nomads back, thus the violent relationship.
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I am pretty sure that it would be a primary source, because the photographer captures and surrounding and the people in the photograph at a particular time.
Answer:
modernization: to begin to use the newest technology or knowledge
restoration: to return something to its original state
annexation: to legally take control of another territory and add it to ones own
method: a way of doing something
protectorate: a country that is defended or protected by another.