Answer: b. Mao's political influence declined, as his policies had resulted in mass starvation" would be the best option from the list, but it should be noted that it took a while for Mao's influence to face, while the starvations happened immediately.
Explanation:
The three characteristics of a nation is a population, borders, and recognition from the other nations. For example Taiwan has a border and population but isn't recognised by NATO and the UN so it is still technically part of China. <span />
The correct answer is Japan and Italy. I hope this helps :)