TERM:
Sack- a large bag made of a strong material such as burlap, thick paper, or plastic, used for storing and carrying goods/a woman's short loose unwaisted dress, typically narrowing at the hem, popular especially in the 1950s
Dynasty- a line of hereditary rulers of a country/a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
Utopian- modeled on or aiming for a state in which everything is perfect; idealistic/an idealistic reformer.
Schism- a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief/the formal separation of a Church into two Churches or the secession of a group owing to doctrinal and other differences.
Icon- a painting of Jesus Christ or another holy figure, typically in a traditional style on wood, venerated and used as an aid to devotion in the Byzantine and other Eastern Churches/a person or thing regarded as a representative symbol or as worthy of veneration.
Feudalism- the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
Serf- an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
Fief- an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service/a person's sphere of operation or control.
Caliph- Caliph, Arabic khalīfah (“successor”), in Islamic history the ruler of the Muslim community.
Pilgrimage- a pilgrim's journey/go on a pilgrimage.
Monotheism- the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
Shogun- a hereditary commander in chief in feudal Japan. Because of the military power concentrated in his hands and the consequent weakness of the nominal head of state (the mikado or emperor), the shogun was generally the real ruler of the country until feudalism was abolished in 1867.
Shintoism- a Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power ( kami ) in both animate and inanimate things. It was the state religion of Japan until 1945.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Western Roman Empire- the western portion of the Roman Empire after its division, a.d. 395, which became extinct a.d. 476.
Mecca- a place regarded as a center for a specified group, activity, or interest/is the holiest city in Islam and the capital of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia
Crusades- The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291. The bloody, violent and often ruthless conflicts propelled the status of European Christians, making them major players in the fight for land in the Middle East.
Muhammad- Muhammad was the chosen recipient and messenger of the word of God through the divine revelations, Muslims from all walks of life strive to follow his example. After the holy Qur'an, the sayings of the Prophet (hadith) and descriptions of his way of life (sunna) are the most important Muslim texts.
Feudal Japan- The feudal period of Japanese history was a time when powerful families (daimyo) and the military power of warlords (shogun), and their warriors, the samurai ruled Japan. ... The Yamato family remained as emperor, but their power was seriously reduced because the daimyo, shoguns, and samurai were so powerful.
Jerusalem- A holy city for Jews (see also Jews), Christians (see also Christian), and Muslims; the capital of the ancient kingdom of Judah and of the modern state of Israel. The name means “city of peace.” Jerusalem is often called Zion; Mount Zion is the hill on which the fortress of the city was built.
Thomas Aquinas- Thomas Aquinas was the greatest of the Scholastic philosophers. He produced a comprehensive synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy that influenced Roman Catholic doctrine for centuries and was adopted as the official philosophy of the church in 1917
Constantinople- former name of Istanbul/ the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
