<span>There are numerous forms of aid, from humanitarian emergency assistance, to food aid, military assistance, etc. Development aid has long been recognized as crucial to help poor developing nations grow out of poverty.</span>
It would be "China" that is currently privatizing by transferring ownership from the public sector to the private sector, since although China remains a communist country, it understands well the benefits of a certain amount of capitalism.
A.) Europeans established trade networks between Europe and the Americas is correct.