Political economy is the study of how the relationship between politics and economics shapes the balance of freedom and equality. States use several institutions to achieve their economic goals.
Critical to any economy are markets—the interactions between the forces of supply and demand, or how goods are services are exchanged. Another critical component of an economy is property—the ownership of those goods and services.
All states provide some measure of public goods—those services or goods that no one person or organization can own. States differ greatly in what they define as a public good, though national defense and public education are often seen as public goods. Social expenditures—the state’s spending on public benefits—incites furious debates over who benefits from, and pays for, public goods. One major source of public funding—and public debate—is taxation.
One basic way states seek to control the economy is through the creation and management of money. To manage money, states may rely on a central bank, a state institution that controls the flow money and how much it costs to borrow money in that economy. A central bank tries to reduce both inflation (when prices rise because there is too much money and not enough goods) and deflation (when prices drop because there is too little money and too many goods).
Many economic debates focus on regulations—the rules that the state sets to manage the production and exchange of goods or services. Trade is often a focus of regulation, where the state uses tariffs (taxes on imported goods), quotas, and other nontariff regulatory barriers (health, packaging, and other restrictions that make it more difficult for goods to be traded) to help its economy.
The Rhine is the correct answer
Answer:
a. fumarole -- 1. a vent from which steam escapes
b. geyser -- 4. an eruption of hot water and steam
c. hot spring -- 2. ground water has come into contact with hot rocks and risen to the surface
d. travertine -- 3. massive deposits of calcium carbonate around a hot spring
Explanation:
- A fumarole is opening of the crust and has emitted streams and gases like the carbon dioxide, and the sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen sulfide.
- The streams are formed by the boiling of the superheated water and its pressure falls when it reaches the ground surface.
- A geyser is a spring that is characterized by the discharge of the water ejected turbulently and is accompanied by a stream and exists at a few places on earth.
- A hot spring is a hydrothermal vent that is made by the emergence of the geothermally heated groundwater that rises form the earth crust.
- A travertine is a terrestrial sedimentary rock that is formed by the precipitation of the carbonate materials form the solution to the ground surface and a geothermally heated ground spring.
Answer:
Economic exploitation, social terror and political disenfranchisement were the push factors. The political push factors being Jim Crow, and in particular, disenfranchisement. Black people lost the ability to vote.
Explanation:
Answer:
In the ancient world porcelain was a necessity. For everyday use, it was used to create cups, plates, and other useful items. Exquisite, high-quality porcelains were usually housed as decoration or served as gifts. It was also used to create decorative statues and ornate trinkets for the higher classes.
