As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.
Would it be Jim Crow Laws? The Court found nothing unconstitutional about what happened and nothing was truly done about the Segregation until Brown vs. Board of Education 1752-1754.
Great plains is known for the mountains
It would be the Arabian penisula