Answer:
b. crystallization above ground and crystallization below ground
Explanation:
The magma undergoes transition when it moves from the mantle layer toward the lithosphere. The reason for this is that the pressure and temperature drastically change. With other words, the magma starts to cool off as it comes toward the surface of the Earth. As the magma cools off it starts to crystallize, resulting in the formation of igneous rocks. When the magma comes out on the surface, known as lava in those cases, it cools of very quickly because the temperature and pressure are much lower. Because the cooling off occurs very quickly, the magma crystallizes quickly, so the crystals are small, and it forms extrusive igneous rocks. When the magma cools off underground, but still relatively close to the surface, the temperature and pressure are slightly bigger than those on the surface. Because of this, the magma cools off slower, thus it crystallizes slower. This results in the formation of larger crystals, and intrusive igneous rocks.
Answer: Eruptions of molten material, magnetic stripes in the rock of the ocean floor, and the ages of the rocks themselves.
Explanation: I hope this helps!
Answer: A figure (or shape) that can be divided into more than one of the basic figures is said to be a composite figure (or shape). For example, figure ABCD is a composite figure as it consists of two basic figures. That is, a figure is formed by a rectangle and triangle as shown below.
Answer:
Explanation:
5. The earth’s surface from the edge of the continent to the deep of the ocean
Continental shelf
The continental shelf is a part of the seafloor. This is closest portion of the seafloor to the land.
6. The rock portion of the earth’s surface
lithosphere
The lithosphere is made up of the crust and upper part of the mantle. Most of the rocks on earth are found in the lithosphere. Below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere
7. The part of the earth where plants and animals live
biosphere
The region of earth where all life forms can be found is the biosphere.
8. A fracture in the earth’s crust
Faults
A fault is a fracture within the earth's crust. It is formed as a result of brittle deformation of the earth.
9. Underground water-bearing layers of porous rock, sand or gravel
Aquifer
An aquifer is a porous and permeable formation within the earth that bears ground water.
10. To remove the salt from ocean water or groundwater
Desalination
In areas where the only source of water is ocean water, desalination is important because the saltiness of the water can be removed by this process.
