The Ice Ages shaped and sculpted the face of the Earth. Continents that were once connected by land bridges had shifted and separated during the Ice Ages. Therefore without the Ice Ages, Earth would look significantly different, and some of the natural beauties like Niagra Falls would not exist.
The equatorward bending of height contours for the 500 mb level imply the presence of a trough because this represents a region of overall lower heights. A valley and a trough are hence equivalent in the upper air flow.
A trough is a linear structural depression with lateral length that occurs in geology. A trough can be a small basin or a natural rift, albeit it is lower than a trench. At the edge of tectonic plates, these landforms frequently form.
Trough, an extended depression in the seafloor that differs from oceanic trenches in that it is shallower, shorter, narrower, and topographically more mild. The Papuan Trough's maximum depth is 2,300 m (7,500 feet), while the Banda Trough's maximum depth is 7,440 m.
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Answer:
Seafloor spreading results from intense activity in the upper mantle which cracks the crust and pushes it away.
Explanation:
Seafloor spreading is a process that was first noticed by Alfred Wegener and was used by him in his theory of plate tectonics. There are three types of plate boundaries; convergent boundary, transform boundary, and divergent boundary. The last one is the one where seafloor spreading occurs.
The convection currents in the mantle are the process that breaks up the crust and move the tectonic plates, and when there is higher activity than usual at some place it results in break up the crust of an already existing tectonic plate. Basically, magma rises at a higher rate and pushes through the crust, in this case, the oceanic crust, and it manages to gradually break through it and come out on the seafloor. By doing so, the magma and the pressure from below are pushing the two now divided parts of the plate. As the space between the two different parts becomes larger and large the density of the crust becomes smaller and smaller so more and more magma rises through. The magma quickly solidifies on the ocean floor and piles up, thus creating an underwater mountain range known as a mid-ocean ridge.
