DNA is a double-stranded molecule made out of 4 different nucleotides (Adenosine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine) bonded together by different chemical bonds. All living things possess the same 4 nucleotides in their DNA molecules, which makes DNA the universal way of transmitting genetic information. The 4 nucleotides are combined in pairs and together they make the DNA sequence.
Different parts of this sequence that can be translated into proteins are called genes.
The DNA is found in the nucleus of every cell and it is organized in specific structures called chromosomes. Each species has a different number of these chromosomes, horses have 64 and humans have 46 of them or 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. So, there are two sets of chromosomes, each inherited from a single parent. The reproductive cells only contain 23 chromosomes (half of the pairs). When two reproductive cells( an egg cell and a sperm cell) are fused in the process of fertilization they make a zygote ( a cell that has 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of chromosomes).
So, you have one set of chromosomes that you have inherited from your father and one set of chromosomes that you have inherited from your mother.
The genes in the DNA that you have inherited from your parents determine all of your traits (eye color, height, the shape of your face etc.).
Genes can sometimes have different forms called alleles. Some alleles can be dominant, meaning that they are always expressed no matter what allele is on the other homologous gene, or they can be recessive and can only be expressed when you have two copies of them (on both sets of chromosomes, from both parents).
Answer:
B. Layers that cut across the most other features are youngest.
Explanation:
Using the principles of cross-cutting relationships, you can determine the relative age of rocks found in the ground. The idea behind it is that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features, and it had been around for 400 years. It's not very precise but it is good for determining relative age.
The stomach is where protein is digested.
Answer:
Metabolic processes are constantly taking place in the body. Metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical reactions that are involved in catabolism and anabolism. The reactions governing the breakdown of food to obtain energy are called catabolic reactions.
Explanation:
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Answer:
The ATP and NADPH from light reaction serve as an energy source and reducing power respectively during the Calvin cycle, which is also called the dark phase of photosynthesis.
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