In philosophy, Chinese Buddhism had diminished its influence, but maintained its relationship with the arts and the charity of the monasteries. Buddhism had a profound influence on the threatened neo-Confucianism, led by Cheng Yi (1033-1107) and Zhu Xi (1130-1200). Mayahana Buddhism influenced Fan Zhongyan and Wang Anshi through its concept of ethical universalism, while Buddhist metaphysics had a profound impact on Cheng Yi's pre-neo-Confucian doctrine. In turn, the philosophical work of Chen Yi It influenced Zhu Xi. Although his writings were not accepted by his contemporaries, Zhu's commentaries and emphasis on the Confucian classics of the Four Books as an introductory corpus to the teaching of Confucius formed the basis of neo-Confucian doctrine. Around the year 1241, under the patronage of Emperor Lizong, the Four Books of Zhu Xi and their commentaries on them became the standard requirements of the study for students attempting to pass civil service examinations. The countries located east of Japan and Korea also adopted the teachings of Zhu Xi, known as Shushigaku (朱子学, Zhu Xi School) in Japan, and in Korea as Jujahak (주자학).
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the main leaders of the women's rights movement in the United States. She and Susan B. Anthony founded the Women's Suffrage Association in 1869, dedicated in giving women the right to vote. She was also active in the Abolitionist movement.
The Mongols treated the non-muslim subjects most fairly, while the Ottomans treated them the least fairly.
The Mongols were religiously tolerant because they conquered and rule through manpower rather than religion. The Ottomans were the least fair to non-muslims. It is close between the Umayyads and the Ottomans, but the only difference is the amount of discrimination (per se) held against non-muslims. While the Umayyads only had the jizya (tax paid if you were non-muslim), the Ottomans had distinctive restrictions on non-muslims. They had dress codes according to their religion and could only reside in neighborhoods who's residents were of the same religion (under the Ottomans).
Exodus is the second book