Ensuring C) domestic tranquility means ensuring peacefulness or calmness. Domestic tranquility refers to peace to peace at home. It can be applied to family as well as to states. When referring to states domestic tranquility refers to peace kept among states as set out in the Constitution. It includes the federal governments rights to end rebellions and smooth out tensions between states.
In the west, the definining feature of the modern era is the development of all forces of modernity, i.e., science, reason, democracy, liberty and equality. Medieval is in fact a term that is used to describe a societal period that lacked all these features.
The major downfall of the Articles of Confederation was simply weakness. The federal government, under the Articles, was too weak to enforce their laws and therefore had no power. The Continental Congress had borrowed money to fight the Revolutionary War and could not repay their debts.
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During the late 1800s in Poland and Russia, anti-Semitism took the form of violent attacks called Pogrom.
These attacks forced many Jews to flee to western Europe. Nonetheless, some Jews continued to survive in eastern Europe in small villages called Shtetlekh.
Pogrom is a Russian word which means to wreak havoc or to demolish violently. Historically, the term refers to violent attacks by local non-Jewish populations on Jews in the Russian Empire and in other countries.
Shtetlekh were small towns with large Jewish populations, which existed in Central and Eastern Europe before the Holocaust.