2000 years ago according to faith in the bible god made everything he made the plants he made water and the sky he made the earth
and that's how it came to be he also made the garden of eden and made adam and eve in it
An "NIC" is a newly industrialized country. So as the country is ramping up industry, you can expect that most of its population will be employed in the manufacturing sector of the economy. Newly industrialized countries see a shift away from an agriculturally based system to an industry based system. So they also see a large measure of urbanization as people move away from rural areas and into cities for jobs in industry/manufacturing.
C) Montesquieu and he believed no one should be allowed to force religion
Capitalism was a major factor