The main reason why we know more about Hammurabi's Code than other early forms of law is because Hammurabi's Code was the first (or at least one of the first) codes of law to be permanently inscribed on stone instead of issued on paper or through word of mouth.
Jews during World War II took on a number of different roles during World War II in attempting to deal with the horrors of the Holocaust and the Nazis. Some Jews attempted to hide, others sought to flee and migrate to other countries, some took up arms and attempted to resist, and others attempt to change their identity not to be persecuted for being Jewish.
It all depends on the definition of the term Modern Era. The word modern comes from Latin word modo, which means right now or just now. It was used for the first time during the Renaissance in Italy to bring attention to the great rediscoveries of sciences, the arts, history and politics of Classical antiquity and the subsequent discoveries and progresses accomplished like the Age of Discovery.
If such definition is used as the basis for this question then the answer is definitely C.The establishment of global empires.
Indeed, since during the previous periods, Empires were limited to their immediate geographic areas. There had been some attempts to explore areas that were located much farther like the Vikings and their travels to Greenland and North America.
However, it was the Europeans: and to some lesser extent the Chinese, that actually discovered (in the literal sense of removing the cover) the Americas for the entirety of the world. The discovery paved the way for the emergence of Global Empires that were completely unprecedented in the history of humanity since they spanned several continents. For instance, the Global Spanish Empire Under Philip II of Spain in the 16th Century that spanned the continents of Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia.
(D) For most of the Early Ages Chinese Culture was far more advanced than European culture.
