A hanging valley can be formed when the lower valley has a greater rate of erosion. This can be cause by 2 glacier flows, one feeding the other. This may also be caused by a greater flow of water in the lower valley or soft rock layers that erode more quickly.
The answer for this question would be D. Lima, Peru
The correct answer Having a shoreline makes shipment by sea possible, which is less expensive than over land
North African and Middle Eastern countries can't join the EU since they're not from Europe, and regarding security, it's all the same now since it's not the middle ages any more.
the answer is the goal theory