Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austria- Hungary empire was shot down, along with his wife by an assassins bullet when he was in Bosnia visiting Sarajevo.
15th to the 17th centuries were the Age of Exploration
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Companies would oppose strikes by firing union workers.
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Peasants were now able to demand higher wages and better working conditions as landlords were not able to replace them with as much ease as previously. As a result peasants would be able to afford better living conditions'. After the plagues land and corn were plentiful, rents and restrictions reduced and standards of living improved.
Japan was defeated because the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Germany was defeated because it was an allied effort that produced two fronts. The western front(France) and the eastern front(Russia).
Japan was defeated long before the atomic bombs (incidentally, developed by a team of Allied scientists including several ex-Germans and at least one Italian) were dropped. Japan's manufacturing base had always been small, and by 1945 she was starved of resources (including fuel) as the Merchant Marine had been virtually wiped out. Many of her cities had been flattened by conventional bombing, too. In fact Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been largely left alone due to their relatively low strategic importance.
The Allies were able to defeat both Germany and Japan because by the end of the war their manufacturing capacity far outstripped the Axis'.
