The best answer to the question that is being asked and being presented above would be a 'tourist'. A tourist is what we typical term for a non-citizen that is legally visiting the country. This tourist could have processed with a visa or without one, depending on the arrangements between countries.
western schism was a splitt in the Catholic church between 1378 and 1417 while the victory of Charles Martel in the battle of tours was the victory of Christians over Spanish moors which stopped Muslim advances to Eastern Europe.
Explanation
Western schism occurred due to the conflicts in the Catholic church and two men simulatneously claimed to be the pope.The rivalry defamed the Catholic church and came to an end in 1418.
Battle of tours was much different from western schism because it was not a conflict within a religious authority but a conflict between two kingdoms.
2= hope this works. For various kinds made against the constitution
During the 1945 conference in Potsdam,
the Big Three formalized the plan to divide Germany into four zones of occupation.
The Potsdam Conference<span> was held at </span>Cecilienhof<span>, the home of </span>Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern<span>, in </span>Potsdam<span>, </span>occupied Germany<span>, from 17 July to 2 August 1945.</span>
An appalling of black codes and other racist laws/acts as well as adding the 14th amendment which gave African Americans a vote.
Hope this helps
