Inner membrane of mitochondrion
Answer:
parasitism, commensalism
Explanation:
Parasitism is a form of interaction between two organisms in which the parasite lives on the host, obtain all its nutrients from the host and end up stifling the growth of the host. In summary, parasites reduce the fitness of their hosts by gradually killing them.
Commensalism is a form of interaction between two organisms in which the commensal benefits and the host is unaffected. The fitness of the host neither decrease nor increase.
Hence, when ticks (which feeds on the blood) reduced the fitness of white-footed mice in 2012, it is a parasitic relationship. When the blood feeding had no effects in 2013, it is a form of commensalism.
The troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the planet and contains the largest percentage (around 80%) of the mass of the total atmosphere.
The answer is copper. Nonrenewable resources are those that cannot be readily/naturally replaced at rates that match those of consumption (an aspect that allow renewable resources to be sustainable). Copper are made deep in earth at very slow rates hence do not readily renew themselves. Organisms, on the other hand die, and are naturally replaced by offspring.