C. The author wants to give a historical background of the Hong Kong protests.
Explanation:
In the excerpt, the author gives a rundown of the origin of the Hong Kong protests which started when Hong Kong was still a British colony from 1841 to 1941 and right down to 1997 when China took over control of the country.
During these times, the citizens of Hong Kong continued to protest about a bill which they believed would not allow them to have fair trials. This rundown provides a historical background of the Hong Kong protests.
