Sound reasoning is essentially a valid argument/claim with evidence to back it up. The argument needs to be written based on true premises and logical fallacies shouldn't be present. A sound argument typically requires an explanation to back up a clear message. A mix of ethos, pathos, and logos are present in a sound argument.
the mood is suspenseful because the reader is not sure when Montresor is going to kill Fortunado.
An example would be Even though tigers observed in particular region have black stripes on orange fur. Therefore all tigers native to this region have black stripes on black fur. (Give me a thanks)
The last one! procedural; semantic