The filled in dot means inclusive and the hallow dot means exclusive. For an inequality, inclusive will mean it can be equal to that number as well as being less or greater than. Exclusive means the opposite.
In terms of x, the number line shows that -2 <= x < 2.
Answer: Work done by the particle is 78 N.
Step-by-step explanation:
If C is the path the particle follows, then work done is 
.
According to the question the force 
and all four points are in the plane 
.
therefore, if S is the at surface with boundary C, so that S is the portion of the plane over the rectangle D=[0,2]\times [0,4].
Now,
By the Stoke's theorem:
![\int_{C}^{}F.dx=\iint_{s}^{}curlF.dS\\\\=\iint_{D}^{}[-8y(0)-2z\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )+5y]dA\\\\=\iint_{D}^{}\left ( -\frac{1}{2}z+5y \right )dA](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cint_%7BC%7D%5E%7B%7DF.dx%3D%5Ciint_%7Bs%7D%5E%7B%7DcurlF.dS%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D%5Ciint_%7BD%7D%5E%7B%7D%5B-8y%280%29-2z%5Cleft%20%28%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%20%5Cright%20%29%2B5y%5DdA%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D%5Ciint_%7BD%7D%5E%7B%7D%5Cleft%20%28%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dz%2B5y%20%5Cright%20%29dA)
![\int_{0}^{2}\left [ \frac{39}{16}y^2 \right ]_{0}^{4}dx\\\\=\int_{0}^{2}39\, \, dx\\\\=39\times 2\\\\=78 \, N](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cint_%7B0%7D%5E%7B2%7D%5Cleft%20%5B%20%5Cfrac%7B39%7D%7B16%7Dy%5E2%20%5Cright%20%5D_%7B0%7D%5E%7B4%7Ddx%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D%5Cint_%7B0%7D%5E%7B2%7D39%5C%2C%20%5C%2C%20%20dx%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D39%5Ctimes%202%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D78%20%5C%2C%20N)
Proper subset of a set is a subset of that is not equal to. all elements of are in but contains at least one element that is not it
example : if A = { 1,3,5} then B = {1,5} is a proper subset ofz
