Sources of information or evidences of what life was like for people living in the Maurya empire during King Ashoka´s reign:
Each endeavor of King Ashoka can be regarded as a source of information or evidence of his quest to promote a more just and humane society.
Most of what is known of the period of reign of King Ashoka are based on edicts inscribed on stones and pillars. Some of the translations of these edicts are based on earlier English translations of a renowned Indian author called Amulyachandra Sen. His works were translated into Magadhi, Sanskrit and English.
King Ashoka converted to Buddhism. Before then, he was said to have been a cruel and ruthless ruler.
- A number edicts were inscribed on stones and pillars and discovered in the nineteenth century in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal. As Buddhist disciple, most of these edicts were concerned with the reforms promulgated and recommended moral principles, in his quest for a more just and humane society. For this reason, edicts were written in his own words on stones and pillars and erected in various parts of his territories.
- After he became a Buddhist he also built a number of stupas (religious temples hemispherical structures used to keep relics and remains of Buddhist monks and nuns.) He promoted religious freedom and harmony, notwithstanding, most of his principles were based on Buddhism philosophy.
- Years after his succession, he sent envoys to Greek kings of neighboring territories. Envoys are normally equipped with letters and presents which are often presented.
- King Ashoka´s close relationship with Tissa the king of Sri Lanka, where his son was said to have been the first Buddhist missionary.
- System of governance, law and order. The empire was divided into four parts. Four chosen representatives from the public are said to have governed each part. Fines were common form of correction and capital punishment is said to have taken place.
- Economy based on land revenue, agriculture and to a lesser extent trade.
- Creation of endogamous groups connected to socio-economic occupations. For example, Megasthenes the ancient Greek Ambassador and historian, describes that there existed seven occupational groups. Professions was passed down through generations and marriage to members outside a group was forbidden, thus a caste system was maintained.
- He also maintained a constant touch with his population and considered himself the father of all men.
City-states in ancient Greece
They were called "Polis", every Polis produced enough to feed their population. They had their own institutions, laws, currency and army. The belief was that each Polis was protected by their own God, who should they owe respect and sacrifice.
They were ruled by an elite group whose authority was indisputable.
Examples of the two most important city-states that practiced oligarchy in ancient Greece
- Athenas: the government was form by the wealthiest. They were the owners of the land and they had the means to buy weapons to defend the Polis. They formed children in a fisical and intelectual ways. The society in Athena was divided into the
- citizens: divided between the rich and the poor
- metecos: foreing people who where not consider citizens, but they could pay taxes and be part of the army.
- slaves: men and women submitted to a master.
Athenian politics evolved to democracy
- Sparta: it was the rival city of Athenas. It was always ready to go to war. The military education started since childhood. They were forced to take a military politic in the face of constant need to dominate peoples submitted as a result of its territorial expansion.
The obsession with militarization was such, that newborn babies were checked to fulfill with physical patterns of a warrior, if they were not, they were slaughtered.
It was a government by the nobles.
Spartan society was divided into
- Ilotas: slaves without political rights, workers of the land
- Periecos: free farmers, but they must be part of the army if they are needed.
- Espartiatas: nobles, those who took part in politics
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Gods and goddesses could turn themselves and mortals intoanimals. Gods turned people into animals to punish them. Also,shapeshiFting could be caused by a spell/or curse.”
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