<span>Byzantine Empire, its the empire that the Ottoman empire defeated in 1453.
</span>
I believe it would be A) erosion of topsoil.
I hope this helps :)
James Otis made this statement, because he believed American colonists should be able to vote in Parliament. He believed equality for all Americans, including Whites and Blacks, which was very advanced for his time and is noted for being "a lawyer in Colonial Massachusetts, a member of the Massachusetts provincial assembly and an early advocate of the Patriot views against British policy that led to the American Revolution."