Answer:
C) An extra chromosome is added, causing mismatching of the chromosome pairs.
Explanation:
Mutation is any change, whether big or small, that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Mutation can be of different types depending on how it occurs.
According to the question, frameshift mutation is a mutation that causes the normal reading frame of the nucleotide sequence to be altered. It is caused when an extra chromosome is added (insertion) or when one chromosome is removed (deletion). In either way, there will be a mismatch or alteration in the chromosome pair, hence affecting the reading of the nucleotide sequence.
In frameshift mutation, the insertion or deletion causes the
normal CODONS (triplet nucleotide) to be missing or incomplete, hence, disrupts the manner at which the reading takes place (reading frame). Note, frameshift mutation only occurs as a result of insertion or deletion of chromosomes/bases that are not multiples of three that can maintain the normal reading pattern/frame.
The ribosome reads the mRNA (messenger RNA) and translates the nucleotide sequence into a polypeptide (protein) sequence. It reads the nucleotides in groups of 3 called codons and then accepts the correct amino acids from charged tRNAs to build the polypeptide in the correct order.
Your answer would be valence electrons, i believe.
DNA contains sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains sugar ribose,
DNA is a double-stranded molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
