Answer:
The correct answer is option C
FLANK PAIN AND HEMATURIA
A client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. On assessment of the client, the nurse will observe for FLANK PAIN AND HEMATURIA as the most common manifestation of this disorder
Explanation: Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disease of the kidney caused by abnormal gene mutation, it is characterised by clusters of non cancerous sacs containing water-like fluids (cysts) in the kidney.
Symptoms of polycystic kidney disease includes back or side pain,swollen abdomen,excessive tiredness (fatigue), blood in the urine and high blood pressure.
Treatment of polycystic kidney disease is with administration of pain relievers, anti-hypertensive like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(example;Captopril) to control blood pressure, avoidance of high sodium diet, surgical removal of cyst, haemodialysis and kidney transplantation.
A. Helps in the sense of taste.
B. helps in cell growth development.
C. functions in the production of DNA.
D. regulates the heartbeat.
The answer is, A.
The technique made by the nurse is keeping sterile field above waist level.
<h3>Which technique is made by the nurse to insert an indwelling urinary catheter?</h3>
Similar to an intermittent catheter, an indwelling urinary catheter is implanted, but it is left in place. A water-filled balloon keeps the catheter in the bladder and prevents it from escaping. These catheters are frequently referred to as Foley catheters.
The sole approved usage for indwelling urinary catheters is short-term, or fewer than 30 days (EAUN recommends no longer than 14 days.) Urine incontinence (UI) and urinary retention are two frequent bladder dysfunctions for which the catheter is implanted for continuous bladder drainage.
In order to produce a sterile field, sterile surgical drapes must be placed around the patient's surgical site and on the stand that will contain the sterile instruments and other supplies required for the procedure. The maintenance of a sterile environment is crucial to the prevention of infection. These collection of procedures that are followed before, during, and after invasive procedures help to lower the risk of post-procedure infection by reducing the number of potentially contagious microbes.
Hence, The technique made by the nurse is keeping sterile field above waist level.
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A Drug Trend report published in 2009 had predicted continued price increase among traditional branded and biotech drugs that lack generic competition. Now, further, CMS has reduced its Average Sales price (ASP) margin from 6 percent to 4 percent for non-pass-thorough. This has affected pharmacy reimbursement. However, there are certain other aspects of Pharmacy Billing that can affect reimbursement and thereby the Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) process if not well implemented.
1. Data Workflow:
Recognizing how the revenue cycle works in pharmacy is very essential. Procurement to Inventory, billing and reimbursement involves purchase of medications, their storage, and method of dispensing, how they are administered, way they are coded & billed, and finally reimbursed. If the drug is covered as a pharmacy benefit, or the payer needs that to be obtained via a specialty pharmacy as identified through patient-specific benefit verification, then here both the provider and the pharmacy are part of the reimbursement process. The physician writes a prescription and orders the drug. This is followed by the pharmacy that fills the order and issues the drug to the physician, CMHC, or hospital outpatient department. Here the pharmacy bills the insurance company for the drug. If any information is entered incorrectly into the pharmacy system in the initial phase of the cycle, errors can prove to be costly, impacting aspects of clinical and revenue cycle.
2. Procurement:
During this phase information is converted from purchased quantities and pricing to storage units of measure (UOM) and inventory costs. Manually entering the data is followed in most cases. UOM conversions, when data is uploaded from the wholesale distributor to the pharmacy system, are also checked and verified manually. Here too mistakes can lead to breakdown in the revenue cycle management (RCM) process.
3. The Charge master:
Critical & substantial revenue leakage can occur when separately reimbursable medications are either missing from or miscoded in the charge master. Conversion of pharmaceutical quantities is a must from purchased amounts to patient-administered amounts, and only then made billable. There is often a difference between dosage amounts required for patient use as from that purchased. Besides inventory, the clinician and pharmacist should convert dosage, strength, and delivery mechanism for each drug. Drug data must be correctly converted from the quantities residing in clinical systems into the payer-billable quantities appropriate for the financial system or charge master. The UOMs must be reconciled to avoid any under- or over-payments. More than often, missing or incorrect data in the charge master can result in negative financial consequences – denied claims, partial reimbursement, and compliance risks.
4. Linkages between Purchases & Billing:
Most hospitals have separate processes to order drugs, administer them, and process reimbursement. Without linkage between pharmacy expenditures for medications (i.e., spend data) and the charge master, ensuring proper charge capture and optimal reimbursement is a challenge. Besides hospitals should have automated tools to identify charge capture errors precisely, so as to pinpoint when and where their occurrence to decreasing revenue loss.
