Hello!
Mikhail Gorbachev was the last soviet leader. He had the control of the Soviet Union between 1985 and 1991 and started two great reforms:
The perestroika: economics measures to recover the Soviet Union. For example: reduced the investments in military and opened the market gradually.
The glasnost: the "freedom of speech" and government transparency to the people.
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The attack affected the american security policies because after the attack the american security system was looked down on and also it was taken care of by making the security more stricter.It impacted the view of Islam because it was done by a Muslim group so Islam was looked at like a religion which allowed killing and brutal acts toward humanity.
I hope this helps and answered the second question based on how I think it is because I am a Muslim myself.
Group A describes results of the California gold rush
Cold weather is the best answer!
a) - Poland was also at war with the Soviet, unlikely it would help
b) Soviet Union has only very limited access to the Mediterranean, which likely was completly cut off at the time anyway
c) they could have it, but China was too busy fighting its own war!