The Counter-Reformation was a religious and political movement that main purpose was to stop spreading of protestantism via ideological struggle rather than military one conduct y secualr rulers that is why for exemple Society of Jesus was created
The manga carts made sure the Kings and queens didn't give biased punishments and rulings. They too had to be under the law to make circumstances fair. The bill of rights also did the same so the government would be representatives of the common people instead of rulers.
White clergymen that said he was unwise and untimely
They are at the top because they are the wealthiest and have to most authority
It mainly included the minority of Europe. These people included, but are not limited to, the jewish, slavic, and political opponents of Hitler. Eastern Europeans were less likely to be imprisoned during the holocaust