The large number of areas covered by the chemical energetics can be explained by the different forms in which chemical energy can be released: heat and combustion work, electrical energy in electrochemistry, radiant energy in chemiluminescent systems.
The chemical energy provided by a reaction reflects the energy balance associated with the electronic modifications suffered by the species involved.
From an energy point of view, a chemical reaction between molecules can be schematized in two stages. The first requires a supply of energy and corresponds to the rupture of the bonds of the reactant molecules with release of the atoms which constitute them.
The second releases energy and concerns the creation, by recombination of these atoms, of new bonds entering the structure of the reaction molecules.
As a general rule, the energy released in the second stage is greater than the first. We are talking about exothermic reaction. The difference between these two energies (reaction enthalpy) measures the amount of chemical energy transferred to the external environment.
It is conceivable that this quantity translates, not only the number, but also the strength of the connections involved.
Answer:
a) Both DdPp
b) Yes 3.8%
c) In plant A, the dominant allele D and P are coupled (DP, dp), In plant B they are in repulsion (Dp, dP).
Answer: carbon and hydrogen
Explanation:
These cells have DNA in a region called the nucleoid.
-Some of these cells have structures like flagella and microvilli.
-These cells have cell walls made of polypeptides and polysaccharides.
Answer:
The responding (dependent) variable
Explanation:
In an experiment, one of the variables is either changed/maipulated or measured. The variable that is deliberately changed is called the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE while the variable that responds to the changes made to the independent variable, or is being measured is called DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
Hence, in the experiment involving the height of the ramp and the speed of the skateboard, the SPEED OF THE SKATEBOARD IS THE DEPENDENT/RESPONDING VARIABLE because it is the variable being measured.
