Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

Answer: The new daughter cells will have an abnormal amount of genetic material. That is called aneuploidy and it is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes. Different clinical conditions are the result of this nondisjunction.

Explanation:

Normal cells are diploids, that means they have two copies of each gene, one of each chromosome. So normal cells have two homologous chromosomes, one from each parent.

During anaphase of cell division, each pair of chromosomes is separated by the mitotic spindle. The separated chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle to opposite poles of the cell, and eventually will end up in the new daughter cells.

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, so it is the miss segregation of them. The new daughter cells will have an abnormal amount of genetic material. Different clinical conditions are the result of this nondisjunction.

Sex chromosomes participates in sex determination of an individual. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY) So nondisjunction of sex chromosomes could be:

XX: one cell with no chromosome and the other cell with two X chromosomes.
XY: one cell with no chromosomes and the other cell with XY chromosomes.

According to which gametes are fused during fertilization, different phenotypes can be given. For example, if a gamete with one chromosome fuses with another gamete with two chromosomes, the result will be an individual with three chromosomes (it could be XXY, or XXX) called trisomy.

Triple X syndrome is characterized by an extra X chromosome in females. Those affected are often taller than average, but most females have a normal sexual development. Klinefelter syndrome is known XXY individuals, and it causes infertility in males, breast growth, less body hair and weaker muscles.

And if a gamete with no chromosome fuses also with another gamete with no chromosome, the result is a nullisomy. But due to the lack of genetic material, the nullisomic gametes are rendered unviable for fertilization.

And if a gamete with no chromosome fuses with another gamete with one chromosome (normal) the result is a monosomy, the presence of only one chromosome from a pair. The result can be an individual who is X or Y. People with Turner syndrome have one X chromosome and it is the only monosomy that is seen in humans because other cases monosomy are lethal.

Any of those examples is called aneuploidy and it is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes.

3 0

3 years ago

A research study lead to the following finding , "Students in the treatment condition indicated significantly better achievement

GREYUIT [131]

Answer:

Explanation:

Experimental research was taken place.

5 0

3 years ago

A federally funded research study involving children 8 to 12 years old involves collecting a single voided urine sample to asses

777dan777 [17]

Answer: A federally funded research study involving children 8 to 12 years old involves collecting a single voided urine sample to assess the frequency of asymptomatic proteinuria.

Your IRB has determined that assent of children age 8 and older is required for the study. A 10 year old firmly declined to participate in the study.

The best procedure that describes the action to be taken by the investigator is:

Honor the Childs decision .

Explanation:

The purpose of the IRB is to assure that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in a research study. It promotes fully informed and voluntary participation by prospective subjects capable of making such choices (or, if that is not possible, informed permission given by a suitable proxy), and seeks to maximize the safety of subjects.

The capacity admits degrees. The same patient may be able to decide certain things and not others. So, the more transcendent or delicate a decision is, the higher the level of capacity required must be. When the patient is not capable, it is up to his relatives to make the decisions.

4 0

3 years ago