Answer:
Wit, word-play, unexpectedness of word and thought, depth of feeling, word-music, vivid images, the shape of the poem on the page
I believe that Penelope devised the contest with the bow and arrows in order to buy both herself and Odysseus more time. He was gone for a long time, but she kept believing he would return to her and they would be happy again. However, he was gone for more than 10 years, and many suitors now came to Ithaca in order to marry Penelope and rule there. She obviously didn't want that, so she created this contest knowing that nobody could win it besides Odysseus who is the best archer ever. What it reveals about her is her absolute faithfulness and devotion to her husband whom she hasn't seen in over a decade.
Answer:
Not sure about the lesson, but the dramatic irony is that he threw away the matress without knowing it was filled with money.
I don't know if there are options to choose from, but I'll explain what happened. Pike was a dog who refused to do his duty one morning, but hid and kept sleeping. So, Spitz, who is the alpha male, the leader dog, punishes Pike. Buck, the dog-hero of the story, tries to interfere and clash with Spitz, but to no avail because Francois, the human leader, whips him. So, Spitz manages to punish Pike for his disobedience.
