By taking a glance at the pedigree we can see that rickets transmission is not autosomal but instead it is x linked recessive.
Without wasting time look at the no of offspring of 1 that is 4 since two out of four have rickets then the chances of having rickets by method of probability is 1/2
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<span>Continental plates pushing towards each other cause mountains to form on our planet Earth, true. </span>
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
The right answers are mentioned in the picture.
A base pair (bp) is the pairing of two nucleobases located on two complementary strands of DNA or RNA. This pairing is carried out by hydrogen bridges. There are four types of nucleic bases: A-T-C-G, these letters for Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. A with T and C with G.
It is also necessary to take into account the antiparallel character of the DNA strands. If a strand is in the 5 '3' direction, its complete strand is in the 3 '5' direction.
