The institutionalization of trade has been around since the "value theory" of David Ricardo in 1817, which argues that some countries had more feasible conditions to produce a better output of certain products in comparison to others. As a result, they had to engage in trade with other countries that had products they lacked.
"Labor" and "resources" are the key factors that fuel trade. As some countries have a cheaper labor force, it makes their products have competitive prices in the market. On the other hand, certain countries have scarce resources that many other countries do not have such as gold and other minerals. Therefore they have to engage in trade with the countries that extract them from their soil.
Columbus claimed to have found a route to the West Indies (what he was looking for). He belived his claim until his death. However, it was later discovered that he had in fact found the Americas.
He was the army general and prime minister who led through much of world war II and he was later executed as a war criminal. In the 1930s, Hideki Tojo fought in the Sino - Japanese war leading Japanese forces unto occupied manchuria.
I hope this is helpful.
The original purpose was similar to the purpose it has today. I think the words criminal justice system speaks for itself. A criminal justice system is made for criminal justice. Criminals are people who violate a systems laws and regulations. This harms not only others but a created system of regulation itself. There has to be justice for criminals- this really benefits them in the end.