The “sphere” in lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere means envelop. The atmosphere, therefore, consists of gases that envelop the Earth. The hydrosphere defines the water that covers 71% of the Earth's surface. The lithosphere refers to the rocks of the Earth's surface and upper mantle, or the depth of the plates.
Foremost of these are magma viscosity, gas loss and external properties such as conduit geometry. Ultimately, these parameters control the speed at which magmas ascend, decompress and outgas en route to the surface, and thus determine eruptive style and evolution.
IM NOT SURE..
But I believe it’s C. Clark’s identical twin brother?
Good luck! Hopefully this is right
As changes to the Earths climate occur, organisms within will be given the natural selection all animals are. Those being, die off and not adapt, or adapt “evolve” to the new climate and survive. An example is the bear, polar bears adapted to winter climates by having a white fur coat to blend in, while grizzlies have a brown coat to blend in with shrubbery or the soil.
If the ice melts, the temperature could increase.
Hope this answer helps, If you have any other questions just feel free to ask :)