Answer:
Sunk costs.
Explanation:
Sunk costs refers to historical funds spent or incurred that cannot be recovered. Such costs are considered irrelevant during decision making which impacts on the business's future as they present no influence on present or future prospects.
Example
ABC investors decide to acquire land and develop residential houses at a location X. This decision is informed on the fact that the government had recently enacted a policy that led to an increase in demand for residential properties in that location. 6 months into construction of the residential houses, the government reviews and rescinds the policy. This leads to a sharp decline in property values in location X. ABC investors had already incurred 10 million dollars in the project. The 10 million dollars is considered sunk cost.
Sunk costs are the opposite of relevant costs because they can't be changed or recovered, as they've been spent or contracted in the past already. Hence, relevant cost are relevant for decision-making purposes but not sunk costs.
Hence, money that has been or will be paid regardless of the decision whether to proceed with the project is sunk costs.
Answer:
Economist A
Government spending multiplier $4billion
Tax multiplier $8billion
Economist B
Government spending multiplier $8billion
Tax multiplier $2billion
Explanation:
Computation for the amount the government would have to increase spending to close the output gap according to each economist's belief
ECONOMIST A
Government spending multiplier=16/4
Government spending multiplier=$4billion
Tax multiplier=16/2
Tax multiplier=$8billion
ECONOMIST B
Government spending multiplier=16/2
Government spending multiplier=$8billion
Tax multiplier=16/8
Tax multiplier=$2billion
Therefore the amount the government would have to increase spending to close the output gap according to each economist's belief are :
ECONOMIST A
Government spending multiplier=$4billion
Tax multiplier=$8billion
ECONOMIST B
Government spending multiplier=$8billion
Tax multiplier=$2billion
Answer: Floating exchange rate
Explanation: The floating exchange rate is a mechanism under which a country's exchange prices are set by the supply and demand-based foreign exchange market compared to other currencies. It compares with a fixed exchange rate, wherein the government decides the rate completely or mainly.
Floating currency regimes mean that lengthy-term currency price movements represent relative economic power and country-to-country rate of interest differences.
A currency that is too high or low may have a negative impact on the country's economy, impacting trade and debt-paying efficiency. The state or banking system would try to take action to bring their currencies towards a more desirable level.
Answer:
Trade Bloc
Explanation:
Trade Bloc is a type of agreement between two sovereign nations in which barriers to trade are either reduced or totally eliminated between the two nations. This type of agreement can either be one agreement between several nations or a part of a regional organization.
So, the example of Iceland and Norway is an example of a trade bloc.
